The overall UK terrorism threat level is currently 'substantial' (level 3 of 5), meaning an attack is likely. The 3 key sources of this threat are groups or individuals motivated by:

• Islamic extremism  
• extreme right-wing ideology
• the status of Northern Ireland.

UK authorities have installed security barriers on London's major bridges.

Terrorists have attacked other European cities.

Targets have included:

• aviation
• public transport and transport hubs
• sporting venues and mass gatherings, including places popular with travellers.

Remain vigilant and:

• be alert to the danger of terrorism
• be aware of your surroundings
• report suspicious behaviour or bags left alone on public transport and in other public places to the police
• monitor official warnings
• follow the advice of local authorities.

Terrorists have attacked other European cities.

The terrorism threat level for Northern Ireland is 'substantial', meaning an attack is likely.

In the past, terrorist groups have used firearms and bombs to target security forces. They have attacked or have attempted attacks in public places. Civilians have been at risk.

There's also a risk of isolated violence by dissident groups in Northern Ireland, focused primarily on police and military targets.

Northern Ireland has previously experienced street violence and rioting, including attacks on police with stones, fireworks and petrol bombs. The violence has mainly occurred in loyalist areas in west and south Belfast, Londonderry, and parts of County Antrim. 

Avoid areas where violence is occurring and follow the advice of local authorities.

More information:

• Terrorism threat levels in the UK
• Terrorism and national emergencies
• Terrorism

Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can turn violent, and evolve into riots.

Tensions can rise in Northern Ireland from April to August, worsening in the weeks leading up to 12 July, also known as the 'Twelfth' or 'Orangemen's Day'.

To stay safe:

• avoid all protests
• monitor the media for the latest information
• follow instructions of local authorities.

More information

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Be alert and aware of your surroundings and safeguard your belongings. Petty crime, including pickpocketing and mobile phone theft, occurs across the UK. It happens more often in summer. Thieves use scooters and bicycles to snatch belongings. 

Violent crimes such as muggings, knife crime and sexual assaults occur across the UK.

Be alert to other criminal activities, including drink spiking and fraud.

To stay safe:

• be alert in crowded and tourist areas, airports, restaurants, pubs and bars, and on public transport
• when using ATMs and credit cards, keep your card in sight, conceal your PIN and check your bank statements
• don't accept drinks from strangers or leave drinks unattended in public places, such as bars and nightclubs
• be alert to suspicious behaviour.

More information:

• Scams

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you're connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or Bluetooth. 

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media. 

More information:  

• Cyber security when travelling overseas 

The UK experiences severe weather, including:

• strong winds
• flooding
• rain
• snowstorms

Expect transport disruptions.

Monitor local weather reports. Follow the advice of local authorities.

Register with the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System to receive alerts on major disasters.